http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1487 2026-04-13T09:32:09Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2358 TOURISM DEMAND AND EXPENDITURE PATTERNS AMONG UNIVERSITY WORKERS IN OYO AND OSUN STATES NIGERIA AMBALI, Mutiu Kolawole Tourism serves as a potent antidote to work-related stress, motivating people to spend on attractive tour packages. Tourism-related trips provide a therapeutic escape that rejuvenates, refreshes, and energises the working class, mitigating burnout and fostering holistic well-being. Previous studies on tourism demand focused on general workforce, students and other demographics, with scant attention to exploring the specific tourism demand and expenditure patterns among university workers, particularly in southwestern Nigeria. This study was aimed at assessing the tourism demand and expenditure patterns of university workers in Osun and Oyo States, Nigeria. Hence,it examined the frequency of tourism types, types of tourism demand, expenditure, factors that influence tourism demand andpull factors for tourism expenditures among university workers in Osun and Oyo States, Nigeria. Akdere Mesut’s Social Capital Theory was adopted, while the descriptive survey design was utilised. Osun and Oyo States were purposively selected based on year of establishment and high demand for these universities in southwestern Nigeria. Three universities were selected from each state: Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU - federal); Osun State University (UNIOSUN - state); and Adeleke University (AU - private) in Osun State; University of Ibadan (UI - federal); Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH - state); and Lead City University (LCU - private) in Oyo State. The disproportionate-to-size sampling method was used to select 520 respondents to whom the questionnaire was administered. An estimated population of 100 respondents was selected from institutions with staff strength exceeding 1000 (OAU, UI, LAUTECH, and UNIOSUN) and 60 respondents from institutions with less than 1000 staff strength (AU and LCU). Logistic regression, Likelihood Ratio (lr), Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) and Odds Ratio (OR) were used to analyse the data at p< 0.05 level of significance. The respondents’ ages ranged from 24 - 47years, majority (99%) had formal education, and there were more males (57.1 %) than females. University workers travel frequently for family visits with an incidence rate ratio (IRR = 1.19) and cultural festivals (IRR = 1.1). The types of tourism demand among university workers were family tourism (98.8%) with a likelihood ratio (lr) = 11.9, religious tourism (97.6%), lr = 17.9 and educational tourism (92.5%) with lr = 12.1. Private university workers spent the highest mean expenditure of N70,000.00±42,426.41, followed by federal university workers N40,952.38±29,095.49 and state university workers N39,194.03±27,627.11. The factors that determined tourism demand were gender (β=-1.4) at 95% confidence interval (CI) [-2.3, 0.4] with an odds ratio of 0.3 and university ownership type (private university) (β=1.1) at 95% CI [-0.1,2.2] with an odds ratio 2.9. The pull factors for spending on tourism were accommodation (29.3%), shopping (20.89%), transportation (19.1%), souvenirs (18.2%) and feeding (12.5%). Private university workers have high tourism demand and expenditure patterns than their counterparts at federal and state universities in Osun and Oyo states, Nigeria. Institutions should offer flexible leave policies, as well as create awareness campaigns highlighting the benefits of leisure and tourism for well-being and productivity among university workers in Osun and Oyo states, Nigeria. 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2121 RESIDENTS` PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN IGBO OLODUMARE SACRED GROVE, OKE-IGBO, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA ADEYEMI, FEYISADE CHARLES Community-based Ecotourism Development (CbED) approach, which emphasizes residents’ participation, is crucial to actualising full ecotourism potential in any society. Efforts to develop the tourism potential of Igbo Olodumare Sacred Grove (IOSG) in Ondo State has been on for half a century without limited success. Previous studies of ecotourism focused on residents` well-being, livelihoods, and project impacts with little emphasis on residents` participation. This study, therefore examined residents’ participation in CbED in IOSG with a view to evaluating their knowledge of ecotourism potential and willingness to participate as well as inhibiting factors to participation. Richard Tarnas` Participation Theory and Community Readiness Model served as the framework, while the mixed methods (Quant + Qual) design was adopted. Four communities within 10km radius of IOSG were purposively selected, while 361 adult residents were also purposively selected across the communities (Kajola-114; Ajejigi-73; Igbo Olodumare-53; Oke Alafia-121). The instruments used were; the Knowledge of Ecotourism Potential (r=0.84) and the Willingness to Participate in CbED (r=0.73) scales. Key Informant Interviews were conducted with four community heads, two members of the Oke-Igbo Tourism Committee, one policy maker each from the Ondo State Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the National Commission for Museums and Monuments. A Focus Group Discussion session was held with members of each community council. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive statistics and Multiple Regression at 0.05 level of significance, while the qualitative data were analysed using narrative approach. Most adult residents (35.5%), had tertiary education, married (67%), predominantly Christians (92.5%), and farmers (60.1%). However, very few residents’ (0.6%) had prior involvement in planning the IOSG project. The residents had high knowledge of ecotourism potentials of IOSG (x̅ =3.3 ± 1.86), their level of willingness to participate in CbED was moderate (x̅ = 21.08 ± 6.75) and their length of stay was high (x̅ = 29.08 ± 21.45). Residents level of education (ß = -0.15), length of stay (ß = 0.42) and religion (ß = 0.15) influenced willingness to participate, while knowledge of ecotourism potential did not. The inhibiting factors to residents’ participation in CbED included poor state of infrastructures, low level of relevant tourism and hospitality skills, poor destination branding and marketing, top-heavy management approach, community residents’ exclusion from decision-making processes, community residents prohibition from accessing IOSG, and absence of benefit-sharing mechanism acceptable to community residents. Residents’ participation in Community-based Ecotourism Development in Igbo Olodumare Sacred Grove is poor, however their willingness to participate is high. Level of education, religion, and length of stay largely influenced willingness to participate in Community-based Ecotourism Development. Capacity building initiatives with emphasis on involvement in planning, implementation, and evaluation, should be introduced by the stakeholders, particularly at the community level, for improvement in residents’ participation. 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2119 ARTIFICIAL LAKE TOURISM AND HUMAN WELL-BEING IN SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA OGUNDEJI, Olushola Ayoola Lakes provide scenic attractions that are often exploited to promote tourism. They create opportunities for the diversification of local and national economy. Previous studies have focused on the roles of natural and artificial lakes as sources of energy generation and food production, with little attention to their contribution to the well-being of the host communities. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of artificial lake tourism on human well-being in selected communities in Oyo State, Nigeria. Maslow's theory of human motivation served as the framework, while descriptive design was adopted. One artificial lake host community in Oyo State was purposively selected from each of the six political divisions (Ibadan-Eleyele), (Ibarapa-Opeki), (Oyo-Erelu), (Ogbomoso-Yaku), (Oke Ogun 1-Ikere gorge) and (Oke Ogun 2-Afonse). A sample size of 400 respondents was determined using Taro Yamen’s formula, while Bourley’s allocation formula was used to achieve proportionate-to-size samples from each zone (Eleyele-45, Opeki-51, Erelu-73, Yaku-86, Ikere gorge-110 and Afonse-35). A structured questionnaire was administered to residents of the communities on their perception of the socio-economic benefits of the artificial lakes. The respondents were purposively selected within 200 meters from the artificial lake sites. Six Lake Scheme Officers (five from Oyo State Water Corporation and one from Ogun/Osun River Basin Authority), were purposively selected as Key Informants. Frequency analysis, linear regression, K-Nearest Neighbour, Factor Analysis and Chi-Square were used to analyse the quantitative data at α = 0.05, while the qualitative data were content-analysed. Residents’ age was 35.0±8.7 years, 65.3% were male and 64.6% were married. Artificial lake tourism contributed to perceived reduction of poverty (97.0%), improved water management (73.0%), enhanced economic productivity through job diversification (96.0%) and improved community transportation system (97.0%). Income generation in the lake communities was influenced by marital status (β = 0.24), employment (β = 0.27) and education (β = 0.33). Efficient water management was enhanced through the preservation of artificial lakes (3.0), reduction of poverty (3.0) and development of existing artificial lakes (2.0). Community well-being was enhanced through the promotion of productive employment and decent work (21.8%). Artificial lake tourism improved economic productivity (χ2=1.12). Artificial lake tourism did not improve water management. The awareness of existence of artificial lake did not influenced the perception of the adequacy of existing transportation infrastructure in the communities. Artificial lake tourism had a positive impact on the well-being of the communities around the lakes, however, the communities suffered from negative impacts such as water, air, soil and noise pollutions due to tourists’ inflow. Artificial lake tourism improved the well-being of people in their host communities in Oyo State. It enhances poverty reduction, water management, economic productivity, and community transportation system. Therefore, there is a need for government and publicprivate partnerships to address the pollution challenge arising from artificial lake tourism. 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2117 AGRITOURISM POTENTIALS OF INTEGRATED FARMS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA OLAWUYI, Olakunle Shakur Agritourism, a trip to farms or ex-farm houses for the purpose of leisure, education or entertainment contributes to economic growth of nations. An integrated farm brings together different farm components, in such a way that waste from one farm component is a resource for another farm component. Literature have focused on different perceptions of agritourism with limited attention to its potentials for integrated farms. This study was, therefore, designed to examine the agritourism potentials of integrated farms with a view to ascertaining the predictors of information systems usage. The study adopted the Dann Graham’s Push and Pull Theory and the descriptive research design. Farms in Iddo, Egbeda, Akinyele and Lagelu Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected due to the concentration of integrated farms in the LGAs. Two hundred and five integrated farms in these LGAs were enumerated but 188 farms were used. A structured questionnaire, with Cronbach’s alpha index of 0.876 was administered in the farm to either farm owners or managers. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 software developers on how information systems could be used to enhance the agritourism potentials of the farms. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression at p≤0.05, while qualitative data were content-analysed. Tourism potentials of the farms were crop cultivation, animal husbandry and farm environments. The potentials of crop cultivation activities capable of attracting tourists to the farms were transplanting activities (2.09±0.77), pruning of trees and vines (1.97±0.83), sowing of seeds and transplanting of seedlings (1.97±0.85), farm products packaging and branding (1.80±0.72), operation of farm machinery and implements (1.79±0.72), pest and disease control (1.79±0.77) and storage and preservation of crop products (1.72±0.75). The potentials of animal husbandry were livestock feed composition and milling (1.72±0.63), livestock houses and pen (1.70±0.58), vaccination and medication services (1.69±0.54), sight of animals (1.67±0.63), feeding of livestock (1.62±0.58), veterinary care of animals (1.54±0.59) and breeding of animals (1.47±0.62). The potentials of the farm environments were petting zoos (3.69±0.50), waterbodies (3.51±0.71), farm shops (3.56±0.56), natural landscapes (3.50±0.58), unique farm machineries (3.49±0.65), green agrarian environment (3.45±0.66) and cultural/historical objects of attraction (3.31±0.65). The agritourism potentials of integrated farms in Ibadan, in order of importance were farm environment (35.13±6.04), crop production activities (19.03±7.64) and animal husbandry (16.44±6.07). Crop cultivation, animal husbandry and farm environment jointly predicted information usage (F(2;185) = 29.68). Crop cultivation (β= 0.09), animal husbandry (β= 050) and farm environment (β= 0.20) contributed to information system usage (F(2;185) = 29.68). There was an advocacy for the usage of information systems to help showcase the agritourism potentials, tracking the number of visitors, making tour reservations/bookings, and records keeping. Farm environments, crop cultivation activities and animal husbandry determined agritourism potentials of integrated farms in Ibadan, Nigeria. A credible information database would enhance agritourism potentials. 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z