http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1039 Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:04:07 GMT 2026-04-08T00:04:07Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1043 PATTERN OF PERCEIVED FEAR OF CRIME IN URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN AREAS OF IBADAN, NIGERIA OGUNDIRAN, Robert Olayinka The growing insecurity and fear of crime are among the major factors reducing the quality of life of urban dwellers as people experience fear of crime than actual crime. Previous studies have focused largely on the socio-psychological causes and implications of crime, while little attention has been given to the fear of crime as well as its spatial pattern. This study was therefore, designed to examine the pattern of perceived fear of crime (PFC) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Vulnerability Theory and the Concept of Emotion provided the framework, while the survey design was adopted. Three residential localities were purposively selected from each of the five urban and six semi-urban Local Government Areas (LGAs). The roads in the selected localities were classified into distributor, minor and access. All residential buildings (63,080) within distributor (100m), minor (50m) and access (25m) were enumerated, while 1,577 buildings (urban) 696, (semi-urban) 881 were randomly selected using, cordon sampling technique. A structured questionnaire which focused on socio-economic characteristics, PFC housing characteristics and physical planning attributes was administered on household heads. Two focus group discussions were conducted within the LGAs (urban- Ibadan North) and (semi-urban-Egbeda) with formal (police, civil defence) and informal (vigilante, landlord/tenant associations, Odua People’s Congress) security agents. Descriptive and inferential statistics, (Analysis of variance) were used to analyse data at p≤0.05. Qualitative data were content analysed. Respondents age was 32.41± 11.9 years, while 53.5% were males. In the urban, PFC varied from 79.5% in Ibadan North-East to 62.9% in Ibadan North LGA while PFC in semi-urban varied from 73.0% in Ido to 48.5% in Akinyele LGA. The PFC (kidnap 87.8%) varied from 59.0% in Ibadan South-East to 47.2% in Ibadan North, PFC (rape 42.7%) varied from 66.1% in Ibadan South-West to 39.0% in Akinyele, while PFC (robbery 49.0%) varied from 73.0% in Ibadan South-East to 29.5% in Ona-Ara LGA. In the urban perceived fear of burglary varied from 58.9% in Ibadan North to 38.5% in Ibadan South-East. Tenants 72.8% in urban (Ibadan South-West) responded to fear of crime by installing burglary proof windows and doors while 61.2% in Ibadan North installed Close Circuit Television (CCTV). Poor illumination increased PFC across Ibadan South-East (86.7%), Egbeda (83.1%) and Ibadan North (73.9%) but low in Oluyole (34.2%) LGAs while absence of residential layout and non-adherence to minimum building setback increased fear of crime in (semi-urban) Egbeda (86.4%) and Ona-Ara (78.3%). There was variation in perceived fear of crime across LGAs in Ibadan (F(10, 1575)=5.61). Non-adherence to physical planning regulations, anonymous nature of urban settings and poor collaboration among security agencies greatly influenced PFC. The pattern of perceived fear of armed robbery, burglary and theft was more prominent in night time in semi-urban, while fear of rape, kidnap and attack was more prominent in day time in urban LGAs in Ibadan, Nigeria. Partnership among formal and informal agents in urban security should be improved upon, while building standards and planning regulations should be enforced. Sun, 01 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1043 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1041 LAND ACQUISITION PROCESS AND URBAN EXPANSION IN THE LAGOS METROPOLIS, NIGERIA, 1984 - 2016 HARUNA, OLAYIWOLA JIMOH Globally, urban expansion is a common phenomenon. However, its inadequate coordination has resulted in slums, sprawl, paucity of infrastructure and competition for land. Previous studies on urban expansion have identified demographic characteristics, employment opportunities and availability of infrastructure as the major drivers of urban expansion, while limited attention has been focused on land acquisition processes. This study, therefore, was designed to examine the influence of land acquisition process on urban expansion in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria, 1984-2016. The concept of Urban Land Governance was used, while the survey design was adopted. Ojo, Alimosho, Kosofe and Eti-Osa Local Government Areas (LGAs) were randomly chosen from the 16 metropolitan LGAs in Lagos State, while 22 fringe localities from the selected LGAs, where urban expansion was most rapid were purposively selected. A total of 6,041 residential buildings were identified. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling method, 1225 residential buildings were randomly selected [Alimosho (221); Eti-Osa (235); Kosofe (480) and Ojo (289)]. A structured questionnaire which focused on socio-economic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, education, income), sources and procedures of land acquisition was administered on household-heads. Landsat imageries (1984, 2000 and 2016) were obtained from the Global Land Cover Facility to map land use/land cover types using Maximum Likelihood method of supervised classification. Population data from the National Population Commission were used to compare population growth and urban expansion ratios. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Logistic regression, and Analysis of variance at p≤0.05. Respondents’ age was 37±12.65 years; 51.5% were female; 47.5% were married; 10.4% had no formal education, while 14.7% earned more than N100,000 per month. Developed parcels of land were acquired from customary landowners (47.1%), inheritance (22.9%), estate agents (16.1%), statutory allocation (10.3%) and gifts (3.5%). Land acquisition process entailed informal two-stage (identify and purchase) process, through the customary landowners. This was followed by a formal process involving purchase and submission of application forms, issuance of Letter of Offer, payments for allocation, issuance of Confirmation Letter with land identity, signing and registration of Certificate of Occupancy and release to the beneficiary through statutory allocation. About half of the respondents described land acquisition through the statutory allocation as cumbersome, while 28.6% had been duped by customary landowners and estate agents. Relationships existed between sources of land acquisition and compliance to development regulations ꭓ2(18)=1507.80. Urban expansion was negatively influenced by the process of land acquisition (β=-17.9). Built-up area in the metropolitan fringe increased by 199.0% and vegetation cover decreased by 42.9% between 1984 and 2016. Population growth to urban expansion ratios were 2.57 (1984-2000); 0.93 (2000-2016) and 1.88 (1984-2016). These varied across the LGAs (F(3,8)=4.93). Land acquisition process contributed to uncoordinated urban expansion in Lagos metropolis, 1984-2016. The process should be overhauled to accommodate inclusive urban land governance system. Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1041 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z